European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

A Post-Traumatic Nasal Septal Abscess about a Case Report

2024-08-26T10:44:05-04:00

Introduction: Nasal septal abscess is the presence of pus between the nasal septum and its mucosa. It Is a rare condition but there are risks of fatal complications if left untreated, it can occur spontaneously or after trauma of nasal septum. Treatments include antibiotics, surgical drainage of abscess, and treatment of its etiology.
Case Report: A case of a post-traumatic septal abscess has observed in a 11-year-old child Who was presented with a 5-day history of nasal obstruction, swelling and pain. We have performed incision and drainage with administration of antibiotic, the patient showed satisfactory recovery without any complication.
Conclusion: Nasal septal abscess is rare; it can be accompanied by fatal complications if left untreated.

Educational Approach on Knowledge and Intention to Uptake Human Papillomavirus Vaccination as a WHO’s Best Buy Intervention among Female In-School Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria

2024-08-03T10:42:23-04:00

Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer among women worldwide, with high prevalence in low and middle-income countries due to insufficient public health information for prevention. Cervical cancer is a growing public health challenge in Nigeria due to the increasing age of sexual debut, unprotected sex, and frequency of sexual activity among young women. This study investigated the effect of an educational intervention on the knowledge, perception, and intention to uptake HPV vaccination among female adolescents in an urban school setting in Nigeria.

Method: The study was a quasi experimental design (baseline and six-week post-intervention assessment). Baseline data, using a structured questionnaire, were collected in eight randomly selected secondary schools, with four designated as the intervention group and four as the control group. The intervention group participated in a one-day face-to-face educational session. After six weeks, a post-intervention assessment was conducted for both groups. Mcnemar and paired t-test inferential analysis was performed at p < 0.05.

Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of respondents’ knowledge, perception, and intention to uptake human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination at six-week post-intervention assessment for the intervention group compared to baseline. A statistically significant difference in the mean knowledge score, mean perception score and mean intention score was also observed six-week post-intervention between the control and intervention groups (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that face-to-face educational interventions are effective in enhancing knowledge perception and promoting the uptake of HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention among female adolescents in Nigeria.

Nailfold Capillary Changes in Adult Bangladeshi Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Correlation with Disease Activity

2024-08-29T10:44:18-04:00

Background: Peripheral microangiopathy is an important feature in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nailfold capillary (NFC) changes observed by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) may play a role in the early detection of microangiopathy and assessment of disease activity in SLE.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate nailfold capillary alterations and their diagnostic precision in Bangladeshi patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, it sought to establish the correlation between these capillary changes and SLE disease activity.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a comparison group was conducted at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The study included 27 Bangladeshi SLE patients diagnosed according to the ACR 1997 revised criteria and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Participants underwent thorough history taking, clinical examinations, laboratory tests, and nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) examinations. SLE disease activity was measured using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and nailfold capillary changes were evaluated based on NVC patterns.

Results: The average age of the SLE patient group was 31.2 (±7.8) years, with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 6:1. Among the patients, 23 out of 27 (85.2%) exhibited multiple phenotypes, and 18 (66.6%) had high or very high disease activity. The sub-papillary venous plexus (SPVP) was more prominently visible in SLE patients, and capillary density was lower compared to healthy controls. Nailfold capillary changes were observed in 26 out of 27 (96.3%) patients. Major and scleroderma patterns were identified in 51.9% and 11.1% of the SLE patients, respectively. Common abnormal morphological changes included crossed capillaries (66.7%), tortuous capillaries (63%), and meandering capillaries (37%). There was a significant positive correlation between SLE disease activity and NVC-pattern changes (r = 0.443, p = 0.021).

Conclusion: Abnormal nailfold capillary changes are prevalent among SLE patients and are positively correlated with disease activity in SLE.

The Initial Developments to Contain SARS-CoV-2 Spread and the Viability of the Virus on Different Surfaces and Environments

2024-07-25T10:41:43-04:00

This review article examines the initial incidences stemming from the emergence of the COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The various developments and concepts of COVID-19 disease and the SARS-CoV-2 virus have also been covered. Financial and administrative issues prevented the Tokyo 2020 Olympics from occurring as planned due to the outbreak. As of May 28, 2020, before the Olympic schedule (July 24–August 9, 2020), 5.7 million people had contracted the virus, leading to 355,000 deaths globally. The virus spread, causing deaths that led to the suspension of international travel. The article also discusses SARS-CoV-2 testing, treatment, and vaccine development. The initial phase-wise development and final preparation of vaccines and drugs by companies and research organizations have been mentioned. Experts recommended following well-known 3Cs protocols (avoiding closed spaces and crowded places and contacts) and using a three-layer surgical mask to stop the spread of the virus. In the Dharavi slum (Mumbai, India), no new infections were reported during the second and most damaging Delta wave due to generation of herd immunity among slum dwellers. During the initial Wuhan outbreak, up to 75% of people in the slums developed antibodies from natural infection, which helped prevent further surges. Recently published “Health Index Theory,” which claims that states with better health infrastructure had more infections than those with poor infrastructure, explained why the normalized caseload (per million) varied in different Indian states. Kerala, a state with advanced healthcare infrastructure, reported a higher caseload than Uttar Pradesh, a state with poor health facilities, according to India’s health index. The main text of the article discusses the virus’s ability to survive in different environments and methods for sanitization to help control virus transmission. The cited reference provides additional details. Transmission occurs among humans, between humans and pets, and among pets living together. There was no outbreak due to reverse zoonotic transmission.

Diagnosis and Management of Labor Dystocia According to the Friedman Curve

2024-06-09T08:58:46-04:00

Introduction: Labor dystocia or abnormal prolonged delivery is one of the common indications regarding unplanned cesarean deliveries. A better understanding of the diagnosis and management of labor dystocia according to friedman curve could lead to new opportunities to increase the rate of vaginal delivery. This paper aims to summarize known diagnosis and management techniques according to the Friedman curve. Method: Literature reviews were compiled based on article obtained using search engine “Google Scholar” and “PubMed” with keywords “Diagnosis", “Friedman Curve”, “Labor”, “Dystocia” and “Management”. There were 10 articles that were appropriate for this purpose. Result and discussion: Labor dystocia is a labor complication where the labor process is abnormally slow or prolonged, hence the term abnormal prolonged labor. This involves a variety of problem which is abbreviated by three P’s, Power, Passage and Passenger. Power is defined by the ability of the uterus to contract during labor. Passage is defined as divergence between the measurements of the fetal head and the maternal pelvis that might be caused by ineffective uterine contraction or macrosomic fetus, so that result in obstructed labor. Passenger is defined as the presentation, position and fetal development that might influence the dystocia incident. Labor dystocia is one of the common indication regarding unplanned caesarian deliveries. Therefore, early diagnosis and management of labor dystocia is crucial in improving outcome in labor dystocia patients, both for the mother and the newborn. Conclusion: Labor is influenced by multiple factors related to the mother and fetus. The theories of Friedman and recent advancements have significantly impacted the diagnosis of protraction or arrest disorder. In challenging situations, timely identification and suitable management are crucial. Educating patients about labor preparation is vital to prevent adverse conditions that can lead to complications and even mortality for both mother and fetus.