Role of Growth Factors-rich Plasma (Activated Platelet-rich Plasma) in Androgenic Alopecia: Literature Review and Suggested Treatment Protocol

Role of Growth Factors-rich Plasma (Activated Platelet-rich Plasma) in Androgenic Alopecia: Literature Review and Suggested Treatment Protocol



Abstract Views
1239

Downloads
619

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has become a prevalent hair fall dysfunction due to genetic as well as hormonal effects distinguished by androgen-related gradual weakening of the scalp hair with a sequence. Around turn 60, 45 percent of males and 35 percent of females come down with AGA. Owing to the small number of successful AGA therapies, Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) has been an attractive alternative therapeutic approach. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is being proposed for the incorporation of greater levels of growth factors and certain other biologically active substances in wounded lesions to achieve the specific healing objectives. PRP is already being included in dentistry and cosmetic surgery for about four decades. Even the usefulness of this autologous substance in both these fields seems to be well known. Notably, in treating different cosmetic procedures, PRP is already progressively seen because its high constituents of platelet-derived growth factors and cytokines may improve the biochemical mechanisms correlated with tissue repair and regeneration. After activation, platelets within the PRP secrete various growth factors that exhibit the results of hair regeneration. However, PRP may be prepared with different protocols and procedures. Differences could influence the character and possible effectiveness of the end PRP product in the availability of RBCs and WBCs, the introduction of thrombin or calcium chloride to trigger fibrin initiation, and pH-altering substances. A standard procedure for PRP preparation and application and a framework to assess results have not been developed, though many research works have been published. Thereby, the subsequent research article presents a proposed treatment protocol for AGA by platelets-rich plasma (PRP), which has been confirmed after reviewing different studies performed by researchers that exhibit PRP's efficacy in AGA.

Keywords: Androgenic alopecia, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-derived growth factors, cytokines, cosmetic surgery
  1. Bertoli, Mia J., Roxanna Sadoughifar, Robert A. Schwartz, Torello M. Lotti, and Camila K. Janniger. "Female pattern hair loss: A comprehensive review." Dermatologic Therapy July (2020).
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  2. York, Katherine, Nekma Meah, Bevin Bhoyrul, and Rodney Sinclair. "A review of the treatment of male pattern hair loss." Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 21, no. 5 (2020): 603-612.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  3. Rogers NE, Avram MR. Medical treatments for male and female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59(4):547–66.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  4. Goldman BE, Fisher DM, Ringler SL. Transcutaneous PO2 of the scalp in male pattern Baldness: A new piece to the puzzle. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996; 97(6):1109–16.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  5. Urysiak-Czubatka, Izabela, and Grazyna Broniarczyk-Dyla. "Examination of hair growth parameters in androgenetic alopecia in women using TrichoScan." Postepy Dermatologii Alergologii 27, no. 4 (2010): 246.
     Google Scholar 
  6. Breitkopf, Trisia, Gigi Leung, Mei Yu, Eddy Wang, and Kevin J. McElwee. "The basic science of hair biology: what are the causal mechanisms for the disordered hair follicle?" Dermatologic clinics 31, no. 1 (2013): 1-19.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  7. Vogt, Annika, and Ulrike Blume‐Peytavi. "Selective hair therapy: bringing science to the fiction." Experimental dermatology 23, no. 2 (2014): 83-86.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  8. Gerber, Markus, Serge Brand, Magnus Lindwall, Catherine Elliot, Nadeem Kalak, Christian Herrmann, Uwe Pühse, and Ingibjörg H. Jonsdottir. "Concerns regarding hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress in exercise and sport science." Journal of sports science & medicine 11, no. 4 (2012): 571.
     Google Scholar 
  9. Garza, Luis A., Yaping Liu, Zaixin Yang, Brinda Alagesan, John A. Lawson, Scott M. Norberg, Dorothy E. Loy et al. "Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia." Science translational medicine 4, no. 126 (2012).
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  10. Guerra-Tapia, A., and E. Gonzalez-Guerra. "Hair cosmetics: dyes." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 105, no. 9 (2014): 833-839.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  11. Avci, Pinar, Gaurav K. Gupta, Jason Clark, Norbert Wikonkal, and Michael R. Hamblin. "Low‐level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) for treatment of hair loss." Lasers in surgery and medicine 46, no. 2 (2014): 144-151.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  12. Fox, James G., Stephen Barthold, Muriel Davisson, Christian E. Newcomer, Fred W. Quimby, and Abigail Smith. The mouse in biomedical research: normative biology, husbandry, and models. Vol. 3. Elsevier, 2006.
     Google Scholar 
  13. Paus, Ralf, and Kerstin Foitzik. "In search of the “hair cycle clock”: a guided tour." Differentiation 72, no. 9‐10 (2004): 489-511.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  14. Tiede, Stephan, Jennifer E. Kloepper, Enikö Bodò, Sanjay Tiwari, Charli Kruse, and Ralf Paus. "Hair follicle stem cells: walking the maze." European journal of cell biology 86, no. 7 (2007): 355-376.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  15. Nabahin, Amal, Alaa Abou Eloun, and Samy S. Abu-Naser. "Expert System for Hair Loss Diagnosis and Treatment." International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems, Vol. 1 Issue 4, June– 2017, Pages: 160-16
     Google Scholar 
  16. Trüeb, Ralph M., Jim P. Henry, Mike G. Davis, and Jim R. Schwartz. "Scalp condition impacts hair growth and retention via oxidative stress." International journal of trichology 10, no. 6 (2018): 262.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  17. Choi, Bu Young. "Hair-growth potential of ginseng and its major metabolites: A review on its molecular mechanisms." International journal of molecular sciences 19, no. 9 (2018): 2703.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  18. Wolff, Hans, Tobias W. Fischer, and Ulrike Blume-Peytavi. "The diagnosis and treatment of hair and scalp diseases." Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 113, no. 21 (2016): 377.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  19. Pantelireis, Nikolaos, and Claire A. Higgins. "A bald statement—Current approaches to manipulate miniaturisation focus only on promoting hair growth." Experimental dermatology 27, no. 9 (2018): 959-965.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  20. Baksh, N, Hannon, CP, Murawski, CD, Smyth, NA, Kennedy, JG. Platelet-rich plasma in tendon models: a systematic review of basic science literature. Arthroscopy. 2013; 29:596–607.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  21. Fitzpatrick, Jane, Max K. Bulsara, Paul Robert McCrory, Martin D. Richardson, and Ming Hao Zheng. "Analysis of platelet-rich plasma extraction: variations in platelet and blood components between 4 common commercial kits." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 1 (2017).
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  22. Wroblewski AP, Melia HJ, Wright VJ. Application of platelet rich plasma to enhance tissue repair. Oper Tech Orthop.2010; 20:98-105.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  23. Masuki, Hideo, Toshimitsu Okudera, Taisuke Watanebe, Masashi Suzuki, Kazuhiko Nishiyama, Hajime Okudera, Koh Nakata, Kohya Uematsu, Chen-Yao Su, and Tomoyuki Kawase. "Growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and concentrated growth factors (CGF)." International journal of implant dentistry 2, no. 1 (2016): 1-6.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  24. Kazem-Arki, Mandana, Mahboubeh Kabiri, Iman Rad, Nasim Hayati Roodbari, Hoorieh Hosseinpoor, Samaneh Mirzaei, Kazem Parivar, and Hana Hanaee-Ahvaz. "Enhancement of osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by PRP modified nanofibrous scaffold." Cytotechnology 70, no. 6 (2018): 1487-1498.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  25. E. Conde Montero, a, M.E. Fernández Santos, b R. Suárez Fernández. “Platelet-Rich Plasma: Applications in Dermatology” Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015; 1062(2):104-111.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  26. Isabel Andia, Nicola Maffulli, Platelet-rich plasma for managing pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, Nature Reviews Rheumatology · Vol.9, Dec-2013.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  27. Rubina Alves, and Ramon Grimalt. "Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, half-head study to assess the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia." Dermatologic Surgery 42, no. 4 (2016): 491-497.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  28. Li, Weiwei, Mitsuhiro Enomoto, Madoka Ukegawa, Takashi Hirai, Shinichi Sotome, Yoshiaki Wakabayashi, Kenichi Shinomiya, and Atsushi Okawa. "Subcutaneous injections of platelet-rich plasma into skin flaps modulate proangiogenic gene expression and improve survival rates." Plastic and reconstructive surgery 129, no. 4 (2012): 858-866.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  29. Mecklenburg, Lars, Desmond J. Tobin, Sven Müller-Röver, Bori Handjiski, Gunnar Wendt, Eva MJ Peters, Susanne Pohl, Ingrid Moll, and Ralf Paus. "Active hair growth (anagen) is associated with angiogenesis." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 114, no. 5 (2000): 909-916.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  30. Takikawa, Megumi, Shinichiro Nakamura, Shingo Nakamura, Masayuki Ishirara, Satoko Kishimoto, Kaoru Sasaki, Satoshi Yanagibayashi, Ryuichi Azuma, Naoto Yamamoto, and Tomoharu Kiyosawa. "Enhanced effect of platelet‐rich plasma containing a new carrier on hair growth." Dermatologic Surgery 37, no. 12 (2011): 1721-1729.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  31. Magalon, J., A. L. Chateau, B. Bertrand, M. L. Louis, A. Silvestre, L. Giraudo, J. Veran, and F. Sabatier. "DEPA classification: a proposal for standardising PRP use and a retrospective application of available devices." BMJ open sport & exercise medicine 2, no. 1 (2016).
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  32. Mishra, Allan, Kimberly Harmon, James Woodall, and Amy Vieira. "Sports medicine applications of platelet rich plasma." Current pharmaceutical biotechnology 13, no. 7 (2012): 1185-1195.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  33. M Dohan Ehrenfest, David, Tomasz Bielecki, Ryo Jimbo, Giovanni Barbe, Marco Del Corso, Francesco Inchingolo, and Gilberto Sammartino. "Do the fibrin architecture and leukocyte content influence the growth factor release of platelet concentrates? An evidence-based answer comparing a pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) gel and a leukocyte-and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF)." Current pharmaceutical biotechnology 13, no. 7 (2012): 1145-1152.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  34. Mautner, Kenneth, Gerard A. Malanga, Jay Smith, Brian Shiple, Victor Ibrahim, Steven Sampson, and Jay E. Bowen. "A call for a standard classification system for future biologic research: the rationale for new PRP nomenclature." PM&R 7, no. 4 (2015): S53-S59.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  35. Cervelli, V., S. Garcovich, A. Bielli, G. Cervelli, B. C. Curcio, M. G. Scioli, A. Orlandi, and P. Gentile. "The effect of autologous activated platelet rich plasma (AA-PRP) injection on pattern hair loss: clinical and histomorphometric evaluation." BioMed research international 2014.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  36. Kim, Dae Hun, Young Jin Je, Chang Deok Kim, Young Ho Lee, Young Joon Seo, Jeung Hoon Lee, and Young Lee. "Can platelet-rich plasma be used for skin rejuvenation? Evaluation of effects of platelet-rich plasma on human dermal fibroblast." Annals of dermatology 23, no. 4 (2011): 424-431.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  37. Uebel, Carlos Oscar, Jefferson Braga da Silva, Denise Cantarelli, and Pedro Martins. "The role of platelet plasma growth factors in male pattern baldness surgery." Plastic and reconstructive surgery 118, no. 6 (2006): 1458-1466.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  38. Senzel, Lisa, Dmitri V. Gnatenko, and Wadie F. Bahou. "The platelet proteome." Current opinion in hematology 16, no. 5 (2009): 329.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  39. Ehrenfest, David M. Dohan, Lars Rasmusson, and Tomas Albrektsson. "Classification of platelet concentrates: from pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte-and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF)." Trends in biotechnology 27, no. 3 (2009): 158-167.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  40. Mazzocca, Augustus D., Mary Beth R. McCarthy, David M. Chowaniec, Mark P. Cote, Anthony A. Romeo, James P. Bradley, Robert A. Arciero, and Knut Beitzel. "Platelet-rich plasma differs according to preparation method and human variability." JBJS 94, no. 4 (2012): 308-316.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  41. Giusti, Ilaria, Marianna Di Francesco, Sandra D'Ascenzo, Paola Palumbo, Anna Rughetti, Luigi Dell'Orso, Paola Annunziata Varasano, Gabriella Lucidi Pressanti, and Vincenza Dolo. "Leukocyte depletion does not affect the in vitro healing ability of platelet rich plasma." Experimental and therapeutic medicine 15, no. 4 (2018): 4029-4038.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  42. Weibrich, G., T. Hansen, W. Kleis, R. Buch, and W. E. Hitzler. "Effect of platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma on peri-implant bone regeneration." Bone 34, no. 4 (2004): 665-671.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  43. Gentile, Pietro, Simone Garcovich, Alessandra Bielli, Maria Giovanna Scioli, Augusto Orlandi, and Valerio Cervelli. "The effect of platelet‐rich plasma in hair regrowth: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial." Stem cells translational medicine 4, no. 11 (2015): 1317-1323.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  44. Gkini, Maria-Angeliki, Alexandros-Efstratios Kouskoukis, Gregory Tripsianis, Dimitris Rigopoulos, and Konstantinos Kouskoukis. "Study of platelet-rich plasma injections in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia through a one-year period." Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery 7, no. 4 (2014): 213.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  45. Schiavone, Giovanni, Desanka Raskovic, Joseph Greco, and Damiano Abeni. "Platelet-rich plasma for androgenetic alopecia: a pilot study." Dermatologic Surgery 40, no. 9 (2014): 1010-1019.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  46. Singhal, Parul, Sachin Agarwal, Paramjeet Singh Dhot, and Satish K. Sayal. "Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in treatment of androgenic alopecia." Asian journal of transfusion science 9, no. 2 (2015): 159.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  47. Ayatollahi, Azin, Hamed Hosseini, Majid Shahdi, Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi, Mansour Nassiri Kashani, Somaye Yadangi, Farid H. Firooz, and Alireza Firooz. "Platelet-rich plasma by single spin process in male pattern androgenetic alopecia: Is it an effective treatment?" Indian Dermatology Online Journal 8, no. 6 (2017): 460.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  48. Puig CJ, Reese R, Peters M. Double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study on the use of platelet-rich plasma in women with female androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2016;42(11):1243–7.
    DOI
     Google Scholar 
  49. Zheng Jun Li, Hye-in Choe, Dae-Kyoung Choi, Kyung-Cheol Sohn, Myung Im, Young-Joon, Young-Ho Lee, Jeung-Hoon Lee, Young Lee, “Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Potential Therapeutic Tool for Promoting Hair Growth” Dermatol Surg 2012;1–7.
     Google Scholar 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

How to Cite

Bano, S., & Dar, T. M. (2021). Role of Growth Factors-rich Plasma (Activated Platelet-rich Plasma) in Androgenic Alopecia: Literature Review and Suggested Treatment Protocol. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 3(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.1.629

Search Panel

 Sheher Bano
 Google Scholar
 PUBMED
 EJMED Journal
 Tariq Mehmood Dar
 Google Scholar
 PUBMED
 EJMED Journal